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solid var(--ds-color-chicago-45);color:var(--ds-color-chicago-45);transition:border-color var(--ds-interactions-transition);will-change:border-color}.ds-button--secondary:hover{background-color:transparent;border-color:var(--ds-color-chicago-30)}.ds-button--secondary:focus{outline:solid transparent}.ds-button--secondary:active,.ds-button--secondary:focus{background-color:transparent;box-shadow:0 0 0 .125rem var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55)}.ds-button--secondary:active{border-color:var(--ds-color-chicago-30)}.ds-button--secondary:disabled{background-color:transparent;border-color:var(--ds-color-london-95);color:var(--ds-color-london-35);cursor:not-allowed}.ds-button--icon{justify-content:center;padding-left:.375rem;padding-right:.375rem;width:2.5rem}.ds-button--icon::-moz-focus-inner{border:0}.ds-button--icon svg{fill:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-button--icon:disabled{box-shadow:none}.ds-button--icon:disabled svg{fill:var(--ds-color-london-35)}.ds-button--icon.ds-button--secondary svg{fill:var(--ds-color-chicago-45)}.ds-button--icon.ds-button--secondary:disabled svg{fill:var(--ds-color-london-35)}.ds-button--icon.ds-button--inverse svg{fill:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-button--icon.ds-button--inverse:disabled svg{fill:hsla(var(--ds-color-hsl-london-100),.5)}.ds-button--icon.ds-button--inverse.ds-button--secondary svg{fill:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-button--icon.ds-button--inverse.ds-button--secondary:disabled svg{fill:hsla(var(--ds-color-hsl-london-100),.5)}.ds-call-to-action{background:var(--ds-color-chicago-30);border:.0625rem solid transparent;border-radius:1rem;box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--ds-color-london-100);display:inline-flex;font-family:var(--ds-type-system-sans-lining);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-0);-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;font-weight:500;height:2rem;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-lower);margin:0;padding:.1875rem var(--ds-grid-gap) .3125rem;text-decoration:none;transition:background var(--ds-interactions-transition),color var(--ds-interactions-transition);will-change:color}.ds-call-to-action:hover{background:var(--ds-color-chicago-20)}.ds-call-to-action:focus{box-shadow:0 0 0 .125rem var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55);outline:solid transparent}.ds-call-to-action:active{background:var(--ds-color-chicago-20);border-color:var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55);box-shadow:none}.ds-call-to-action--inverse{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-100);color:var(--ds-color-london-5);-moz-osx-font-smoothing:auto;-webkit-font-smoothing:auto}.ds-call-to-action--inverse:active,.ds-call-to-action--inverse:hover{background-color:hsla(var(--ds-color-hsl-london-100),.85)}.ds-call-to-action--inverse:active{border-color:var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55)}.ds-call-to-action--inverse.ds-call-to-action--secondary{border-color:var(--ds-color-london-100);color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-call-to-action--inverse.ds-call-to-action--secondary:hover{border-color:hsla(var(--ds-color-hsl-london-100),.85);color:hsla(var(--ds-color-hsl-london-100),.85)}.ds-call-to-action--inverse.ds-call-to-action--secondary:focus{background:transparent;color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-call-to-action--inverse.ds-call-to-action--secondary:active{border-color:var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55);color:hsla(var(--ds-color-hsl-london-100),.85)}.ds-call-to-action--secondary{background:transparent;border-color:var(--ds-color-chicago-45);color:var(--ds-color-chicago-45);-moz-osx-font-smoothing:auto;-webkit-font-smoothing:auto}.ds-call-to-action--secondary:hover{background:transparent;border-color:var(--ds-color-chicago-30);color:var(--ds-color-chicago-30)}.ds-call-to-action--secondary:focus{border-color:transparent;color:var(--ds-color-chicago-30)}.ds-call-to-action--secondary:active{background-color:transparent;border-color:var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55)}.ds-call-to-action-with-arrow{align-items:center;background:var(--ds-color-chicago-30);border:.125rem solid transparent;border-radius:1.25rem;box-sizing:border-box;display:inline-flex;font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-0);-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;font-weight:500;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-border-link);margin:0;min-height:2.5rem;padding:.25rem calc(var(--ds-grid-gutter) - .25rem) .25rem var(--ds-grid-gutter);text-decoration:none;transition:background var(--ds-interactions-transition),color var(--ds-interactions-transition);will-change:color}.ds-call-to-action-with-arrow,.ds-call-to-action-with-arrow:after{color:var(--ds-color-london-100);font-family:var(--ds-type-system-sans-lining)}.ds-call-to-action-with-arrow:after{content:"→";margin:0 0 0 .375rem}.ds-call-to-action-with-arrow:hover{background:var(--ds-color-chicago-20)}.ds-call-to-action-with-arrow:focus{box-shadow:0 0 0 .125rem var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55);outline:solid transparent}.ds-call-to-action-with-arrow:active{background:var(--ds-color-chicago-20);border-color:var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55);box-shadow:none}.ds-call-to-action-with-arrow--inverse{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-100);color:var(--ds-color-london-5);-moz-osx-font-smoothing:auto;-webkit-font-smoothing:auto}.ds-call-to-action-with-arrow--inverse:after{color:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-call-to-action-with-arrow--inverse:hover{background-color:hsla(var(--ds-color-hsl-london-100),.85)}.ds-call-to-action-with-arrow--inverse:focus{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-100);border-color:transparent}.ds-call-to-action-with-arrow--inverse:active{background-color:hsla(var(--ds-color-hsl-london-100),.85);border-color:var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55)}.ds-call-to-action-with-arrow--inverse.ds-call-to-action-with-arrow--secondary{border-color:var(--ds-color-london-100);color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-call-to-action-with-arrow--inverse.ds-call-to-action-with-arrow--secondary:after{color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-call-to-action-with-arrow--inverse.ds-call-to-action-with-arrow--secondary:hover{border-color:hsla(var(--ds-color-hsl-london-100),.85);color:hsla(var(--ds-color-hsl-london-100),.85)}.ds-call-to-action-with-arrow--inverse.ds-call-to-action-with-arrow--secondary:hover:after{color:hsla(var(--ds-color-hsl-london-100),.85)}.ds-call-to-action-with-arrow--inverse.ds-call-to-action-with-arrow--secondary:focus{background:transparent;color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-call-to-action-with-arrow--inverse.ds-call-to-action-with-arrow--secondary:focus:after{color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-call-to-action-with-arrow--inverse.ds-call-to-action-with-arrow--secondary:active{border-color:var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55);color:hsla(var(--ds-color-hsl-london-100),.85)}.ds-call-to-action-with-arrow--inverse.ds-call-to-action-with-arrow--secondary:active:after{color:hsla(var(--ds-color-hsl-london-100),.85)}.ds-call-to-action-with-arrow--secondary{background:transparent;border-color:var(--ds-color-chicago-45);color:var(--ds-color-chicago-45);-moz-osx-font-smoothing:auto;-webkit-font-smoothing:auto}.ds-call-to-action-with-arrow--secondary:after{color:var(--ds-color-chicago-45)}.ds-call-to-action-with-arrow--secondary:hover{background:transparent;border-color:var(--ds-color-chicago-30);color:var(--ds-color-chicago-30)}.ds-call-to-action-with-arrow--secondary:hover:after{color:var(--ds-color-chicago-30)}.ds-call-to-action-with-arrow--secondary:focus{border-color:transparent;color:var(--ds-color-chicago-30)}.ds-call-to-action-with-arrow--secondary:focus:after{color:var(--ds-color-chicago-30)}.ds-call-to-action-with-arrow--secondary:active{background:transparent;border-color:var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55)}.ds-section-headline{color:var(--ds-color-london-5);display:block;font-family:var(--ds-type-system-sans-lining);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-1);font-weight:700;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-lower)}.ds-section-headline.ds-section-headline--inverse{color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-section-headline--heavy{font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-3);font-weight:800;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-upper)}.ds-section-headline--rule-accent:before,.ds-section-headline--rule-emphasised:before,.ds-section-headline--rule-heavy:before{content:"";display:block;margin:0 0 .5rem;position:relative}.ds-section-headline--rule-accent:before{background-color:var(--ds-color-economist-red);height:.25rem;width:1.875rem}.ds-section-headline--rule-accent.ds-section-headline--inverse:before{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-section-headline--rule-emphasised:before{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-5);height:.0625rem;position:relative}.ds-section-headline--rule-heavy:before{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-5);height:.125rem}.ds-section-subheadline{color:var(--ds-color-london-5);display:inline-block;font-family:var(--ds-type-system-sans-lining);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-1);font-weight:400;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-lower)}.ds-section-subheadline.ds-section-subheadline--inverse{color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-section-headline--rule-accent .ds-section-subheadline{display:block}.ds-section-subheadline--heavy{font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-3);line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-upper)}.ds-section-headline-link{border-bottom:.125rem solid transparent;color:var(--ds-color-london-5);text-decoration:none;transition:color var(--ds-interactions-transition),border-color var(--ds-interactions-transition)}.ds-section-headline-link:hover{border-bottom-color:var(--ds-color-chicago-30);color:var(--ds-color-chicago-30)}.ds-section-headline-link:focus{border-bottom-color:transparent;box-shadow:0 0 0 .125rem var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55);outline:solid transparent}.ds-section-headline-link:active{box-shadow:none;color:var(--ds-color-chicago-45)}.ds-section-headline-link.ds-section-headline-link--inverse{color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-section-headline-link.ds-section-headline-link--inverse:hover{border-bottom-color:var(--ds-color-london-85);color:var(--ds-color-london-85)}.ds-section-headline-link.ds-section-headline-link--inverse:active{border-bottom-color:var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55);color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-link-with-arrow{--link-with-arrow-glyph:"→";align-items:flex-start;display:inline-flex;flex-wrap:nowrap;font-family:var(--ds-type-system-sans-lining);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-1);font-style:normal;font-weight:500;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-border-link);text-decoration:none}.ds-link-with-arrow span{border-bottom:.125rem solid transparent;color:var(--ds-color-london-5);transition:border-color var(--ds-interactions-transition),color var(--ds-interactions-transition);will-change:border-color,color}.ds-link-with-arrow:hover span{border-bottom-color:var(--ds-color-chicago-45);color:var(--ds-color-chicago-30)}.ds-link-with-arrow:focus{outline:solid transparent}.ds-link-with-arrow:focus span{border-bottom-color:transparent;box-shadow:0 0 0 .125rem var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55)}.ds-link-with-arrow:active span{border-bottom-color:var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55);box-shadow:none;color:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-link-with-arrow:before{color:var(--ds-color-london-5);margin:0 .375rem 0 0}.ds-link-with-arrow:after{color:var(--ds-color-london-5);margin:0 0 0 .25rem}.ds-link-with-arrow.ds-link-with-arrow--text-left:after,.ds-link-with-arrow.ds-link-with-arrow--text-right:before{content:var(--link-with-arrow-glyph)}.ds-link-with-arrow.ds-link-with-arrow--left{--link-with-arrow-glyph:"←"}.ds-link-with-arrow--minor{font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-0)}.ds-link-with-arrow--minor span{border-bottom-width:.0625rem}.ds-link-with-arrow--minor:focus span{box-shadow:0 0 0 .0625rem var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55)}.ds-link-with-arrow--minor:active span{box-shadow:none}.ds-link-with-arrow--serif{font-family:var(--ds-type-system-serif-lining)}.ds-link-with-arrow--selected{font-weight:700}.ds-link-with-arrow--selected.ds-link-with-arrow--text-left:after,.ds-link-with-arrow--selected.ds-link-with-arrow--text-right:before{color:var(--ds-color-economist-red)}:root{--ds-border-rule:.0625rem solid var(--ds-color-london-85);--ds-border-rule--emphasised:.0625rem solid var(--ds-color-london-5);--ds-border-rule--inverse:.0625rem solid var(--ds-color-london-35);--ds-border-rule--inverse-emphasised:.0625rem solid var(--ds-color-london-100);--ds-border-rule--heavy:.25rem solid var(--ds-color-london-5);--ds-border-rule--inverse-heavy:.25rem solid var(--ds-color-london-100);--ds-border-rule--accent:.25rem solid var(--ds-color-economist-red);--ds-border-rule--inverse-accent:.25rem solid var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-rule{background:var(--ds-color-london-85);border:0;height:.0625rem;margin:0;width:100%}.ds-rule--inverse{background:var(--ds-color-london-35)}.ds-rule--emphasised{background:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-rule--emphasised.ds-rule--inverse{background:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-rule--heavy{background:var(--ds-color-london-5);height:.25rem}.ds-rule--heavy.ds-rule--inverse{background:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-rule--accent{background:var(--ds-color-economist-red);height:.25rem;width:1.875rem}.ds-rule--accent.ds-rule--inverse{background:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-chapter-list .ds-section-headline{display:flex;flex-direction:column;margin:0 0 .5rem 1.3125rem}.ds-chapter-list__item{border-top:var(--ds-border-rule);margin:0;padding:.625rem 0 .5rem}.ds-chapter-list__item .ds-link-with-arrow{max-width:31rem}.ds-card{background:var(--ds-color-london-100);border:.0625rem solid var(--ds-color-los-angeles-85);border-radius:.25rem;display:flex;flex-flow:column nowrap;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden}.ds-card-image{display:block;max-width:100%;width:100%}.ds-card-headline{color:var(--ds-color-london-5);font-family:var(--ds-type-system-serif-lining);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-2);font-weight:500;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-upper)}.ds-card-subheadline{color:var(--ds-color-london-5);font-family:var(--ds-type-system-sans);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale--1);font-variant:small-caps no-common-ligatures no-discretionary-ligatures no-historical-ligatures no-contextual;font-weight:400;line-height:1.07;margin:0 0 .125rem;text-transform:lowercase}.ds-card-subheadline__tagline{color:var(--ds-color-economist-red);font-weight:600}.ds-card-description{color:var(--ds-color-london-10);font-family:var(--ds-type-system-sans);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-0);font-weight:400;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-lower);margin-top:.25rem}.ds-card-description em{font-style:italic}.ds-card-action{padding-top:1.25rem}.ds-card-description+.ds-card-action{margin-top:auto}@media (min-width:60rem){.ds-card-description+.ds-card-action{padding-top:1.25rem}}.ds-card-content{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100%;padding:.75rem var(--ds-grid-gap) 1rem var(--ds-grid-gap)}@media (min-width:37.5rem){.ds-card-content{padding-left:1rem;padding-right:1rem}}.ds-card-link{align-self:start;color:var(--ds-color-london-10);font-family:var(--ds-type-system-sans-lining);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-0);font-weight:400;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-lower);margin-top:.25rem;outline:solid transparent}.ds-card-link:focus{background-color:var(--ds-color-chicago-95)}.ds-card-link:hover{background-color:transparent;color:var(--ds-color-chicago-30);text-decoration:none}.ds-card-link:active{background-color:var(--ds-color-chicago-95);text-decoration:none}.ds-control-check__icon{background-image:url(https://cdn.design-system.economist.com/assets/7.33.0/common/static/images/icons/controls-plus.svg);cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;height:28px;width:28px}.ds-control-check__icon.ds-control-check__icon--complete{background-image:url(https://cdn.design-system.economist.com/assets/7.33.0/common/static/images/icons/controls-check.svg);cursor:auto}.ds-control-check__label-text{clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}.ds-control-check input{-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;box-sizing:content-box;cursor:pointer;height:1.25rem;margin:0;min-width:1.25rem;opacity:0;position:absolute;width:1.25rem}.ds-control-check input:checked+.ds-control-check__icon{background-image:url(https://cdn.design-system.economist.com/assets/7.33.0/common/static/images/icons/controls-cross.svg)}.ds-control-check input:checked+.ds-control-check__icon:after{opacity:1}.ds-control-check input:focus+.ds-control-check__icon{box-shadow:0 0 0 .125rem var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55);outline:solid transparent}.ds-control-collapse{align-items:center;-moz-appearance:none;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none;background-color:transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;box-sizing:border-box;cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;height:2rem;justify-content:center;padding:.4375em;transition:background-color var(--ds-interactions-transition);width:2rem;will-change:background-color}.ds-control-collapse svg{width:1.5rem}.ds-control-collapse .path-background{fill:var(--ds-color-london-20)}.ds-control-collapse .path-background--disabled{fill:var(--ds-color-london-70)}.ds-control-collapse:hover{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-85)}.ds-control-collapse:focus{box-shadow:0 0 0 .125rem var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55);outline:solid transparent}.ds-control-collapse:active{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-85);box-shadow:0 0 0 .125rem var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55)}.ds-control-collapse:disabled{background-color:transparent;box-shadow:none;cursor:not-allowed}.ds-control-collapse--disc{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-100);border:.0625rem solid var(--ds-color-london-20);border-radius:50%;padding:0;will-change:border-color,background-color}.ds-control-collapse--disc svg{width:1.25rem}.ds-control-collapse--disc .path-background--disabled{fill:var(--ds-color-london-70)}.ds-control-collapse--disc:hover{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-85)}.ds-control-collapse--disc:focus{border-color:transparent}.ds-control-collapse--disc:active{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-85);border-color:transparent}.ds-control-collapse--disc:disabled{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-95);border-color:var(--ds-color-london-95)}.ds-control-drag{align-items:center;-moz-appearance:none;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none;background-color:var(--ds-color-london-20);border:none;border-radius:50%;box-shadow:none;box-sizing:border-box;cursor:pointer;height:2rem;justify-content:center;padding:0;transition:background-color var(--ds-interactions-transition);width:2rem;will-change:background-color}.ds-control-drag,.ds-control-drag svg{display:inline-flex}.ds-control-drag .path-background{fill:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-control-drag .path-background--disabled{fill:var(--ds-color-london-70)}.ds-control-drag:hover{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-control-drag:focus{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-20);outline:solid transparent}.ds-control-drag:active,.ds-control-drag:focus{box-shadow:0 0 0 .125rem var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55)}.ds-control-drag:active{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-control-drag:disabled{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-95);box-shadow:none;cursor:not-allowed}.ds-control-drag--inverse{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-control-drag--inverse .path-background{fill:var(--ds-color-london-20)}.ds-control-drag--inverse .path-background--disabled{fill:var(--ds-color-london-70)}.ds-control-drag--inverse:hover{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-85)}.ds-control-drag--inverse:focus{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-control-drag--inverse:active{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-85)}.ds-control-drag--inverse:disabled{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-35);cursor:not-allowed}.ds-control-drag-handle{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-20);height:100%;position:relative;width:.25rem}.ds-control-drag-handle__thumb{left:-.875rem;position:absolute;top:calc(50% - .875rem)}.ds-control-drag-handle--horizontal{height:.25rem;width:100%}.ds-control-drag-handle--horizontal .ds-control-drag-handle__thumb{left:calc(50% - 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var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55)}.ds-control-media:active{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-control-media:disabled{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-95);box-shadow:none;cursor:not-allowed}.ds-control-media--inverse{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-control-media--inverse .path-background{fill:var(--ds-color-london-20)}.ds-control-media--inverse 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span{border-bottom-color:var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55);box-shadow:none;color:var(--ds-color-london-85)}.ds-navigation-link--inverse.ds-navigation-link--secondary.ds-navigation-link--major{font-weight:700}.ds-navigation-link--inverse.ds-navigation-link--secondary.ds-navigation-link--major span{color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-navigation-link--inverse.ds-navigation-link--secondary.ds-navigation-link--major:hover{color:var(--ds-color-london-85)}.ds-navigation-link--inverse.ds-navigation-link--secondary.ds-navigation-link--major:hover span{border-bottom-color:var(--ds-color-london-85)}.ds-navigation-link--inverse.ds-navigation-link--secondary.ds-navigation-link--major:active{color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-navigation-link--inverse.ds-navigation-link--secondary.ds-navigation-link--major:active 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0;width:1.5rem}.ds-navigation-link--icon.ds-navigation-link--icon-account:before{background-image:url(https://cdn.design-system.economist.com/assets/7.33.0/common/static/images/icons/material-account.svg)}.ds-navigation-link--icon.ds-navigation-link--icon-search:before{background-image:url(https://cdn.design-system.economist.com/assets/7.33.0/common/static/images/icons/material-search.svg)}.ds-navigation-link--icon.ds-navigation-link--icon-search.ds-navigation-link--inverse:before{background-image:url(https://cdn.design-system.economist.com/assets/7.33.0/common/static/images/icons/material-search--inverse.svg)}.ds-navigation-link--icon.ds-navigation-link--secondary:before{height:1.25rem;margin-right:.375rem;width:1.25rem}.ds-navigation-link--icon.ds-navigation-link--minor:before{height:1rem;margin-right:.375rem;width:1rem}.ds-footer{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-20);color:var(--ds-color-london-100);padding:2rem var(--ds-grid-gap) 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0}.ds-footer__header{color:var(--ds-color-london-100);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-0);font-weight:700;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-lower);margin:0 0 1.25rem}.ds-footer__copyright,.ds-footer__header{font-family:var(--ds-type-system-sans-lining)}.ds-footer__copyright{color:var(--ds-color-london-70);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale--1);margin:0 0 .6875rem}.ds-footer__copyright,.ds-footer__mission-statement{display:block;font-weight:400;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-lower)}.ds-footer__mission-statement{font-family:var(--ds-type-system-serif);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-1);margin:0 0 1rem;max-width:37.5rem}.ds-footer__mission-statement em{font-style:italic}.ds-footer__cookie-notice{border-bottom:var(--ds-border-rule--inverse);font-family:var(--ds-type-system-sans);margin:1.5rem auto;max-width:89.5rem}.ds-footer__cookie-notice p{color:var(--ds-color-london-85);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-0);margin:0 0 1.375rem}.ds-footer__manage-cookies-btn{border-width:.0625rem;font-family:var(--ds-type-system-sans);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale--1);height:unset;line-height:unset;margin-bottom:1.5rem;padding:.375rem}@media (min-width:22.5rem){.ds-footer-cols-alpha__lead .ds-footer__link-list{column-count:2;column-gap:var(--ds-grid-gutter)}}@media (min-width:28.75rem) and (max-width:37.4375rem){.ds-layout-grid.ds-footer-cols-lambda{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}}@media (min-width:37.5rem){.ds-footer{padding-left:var(--ds-grid-gutter);padding-right:var(--ds-grid-gutter)}.ds-footer-cols-lambda__group{grid-column:span 2}.ds-footer-cols-lambda__group:last-child{display:grid;grid-column:span 4}.ds-footer-cols-lambda__group:last-child ul{column-count:2;column-gap:var(--ds-grid-gutter)}.ds-footer-cols-alpha__lead .ds-footer__link-list{column-count:3;grid-column:span 4}.ds-footer-cols-alpha__lead,.ds-footer-cols-share,.ds-footer__mission-statement{grid-column:1/-1}}@media (min-width:60rem){.ds-footer-cols-alpha{padding-bottom:.625rem}.ds-footer-cols-alpha__lead{border:0;grid-column:span 3;margin-bottom:0;padding-bottom:0}.ds-footer-cols-omega{flex-direction:row}.ds-footer-cols-lambda__group{grid-column:span 3}.ds-footer-cols-lambda__group:last-child{grid-column:span 9}.ds-footer-cols-lambda__group:last-child ul{column-count:3}.ds-footer-cols-share{grid-column:span 3}.ds-footer-cols-alpha__lead .ds-footer__link-list{column-count:1}.ds-footer-cols-share .ds-footer__link-list{width:9rem}.ds-footer__copyright{margin-left:auto}.ds-footer__mission-statement{font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-3);grid-column:span 6;max-width:40rem}.ds-footer__cookie-notice p{display:inline-block;margin:0 .5rem 1.5rem 0}.ds-footer__manage-cookies-btn{margin:unset}}@media (min-width:80rem){.ds-footer-cols-alpha__lead,.ds-footer-cols-lambda__group,.ds-footer-cols-share{grid-column:span 2}.ds-footer-cols-lambda__group:last-child,.ds-footer__mission-statement{grid-column:span 6}}.ds-share-link{color:var(--ds-color-london-85);cursor:pointer;display:block;font-family:var(--ds-type-system-sans-lining);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-0);font-weight:400;height:2rem;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-lower);text-decoration:none;width:2rem}.ds-share-link .path-background{fill:var(--ds-color-london-20);transition:fill-opacity var(--ds-interactions-transition);will-change:fill-opacity}.ds-share-link:hover .path-background{fill:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-share-link:focus{outline:solid transparent}.ds-share-link:active .path-background,.ds-share-link:focus .path-background{stroke:var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55);stroke-width:2}.ds-share-link:active .path-background{fill:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-share-link.ds-share-link--inverse .path-background{fill:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-share-link.ds-share-link--inverse .path-foreground{fill:var(--ds-color-london-20)}.ds-share-link.ds-share-link--inverse:hover .path-background{fill-opacity:.85}.ds-share-link.ds-share-link--inverse:focus .path-background{fill-opacity:1;stroke:var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55);stroke-width:2}.ds-share-link.ds-share-link--inverse:active .path-background{fill-opacity:.85;stroke:var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55);stroke-width:2}.ds-layout-grid{display:grid;grid-auto-flow:row;grid-column-gap:var(--ds-grid-gutter);margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;max-width:89.5rem;position:relative}.ds-layout-grid--edged{padding-left:var(--ds-grid-gap);padding-right:var(--ds-grid-gap)}@media (min-width:37.5rem){.ds-layout-grid{grid-template:auto/repeat(6,1fr)}.ds-layout-grid--edged{padding-left:var(--ds-grid-gutter);padding-right:var(--ds-grid-gutter)}}@media (min-width:60rem){.ds-layout-grid{grid-template:auto/repeat(12,1fr)}}.ds-footer-secondary{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-20);color:var(--ds-color-london-100);padding:2rem var(--ds-grid-gap) 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(min-width:37.5rem){.ds-footer-secondary{padding-left:var(--ds-grid-gutter);padding-right:var(--ds-grid-gutter)}.ds-footer-secondary-cols-alpha__lead .ds-footer__link-list{column-count:3}}@media (min-width:60rem){.ds-footer-secondary-cols-alpha{padding-bottom:.625rem}.ds-footer-secondary-cols-alpha__lead{border:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-bottom:0}.ds-footer-secondary-cols-alpha__lead .ds-footer__link-list{column-count:unset;column-gap:unset;display:flex}.ds-footer__link-list li{margin-right:var(--ds-grid-gutter)}}.ds-form-checkbox__box{background:var(--ds-color-london-100);border:.0625rem solid var(--ds-color-london-35);border-radius:.25rem;cursor:pointer;height:1.25rem;min-width:1.25rem;pointer-events:none;position:relative;width:1.25rem}.ds-form-checkbox__box:after{background:transparent;border:.125rem solid var(--ds-color-london-100);border-right:none;border-top:none;content:"";height:.25rem;left:.25rem;opacity:0;position:absolute;top:.375rem;transform:rotate(-45deg);width:.5625rem}.ds-form-checkbox{align-items:flex-start;display:flex;flex-direction:row}.ds-form-checkbox .ds-form-check-label{margin-left:.5rem}.ds-form-checkbox input{-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;border:.0625rem solid transparent;border-radius:.25rem;box-sizing:content-box;cursor:pointer;height:1.25rem;margin:0;min-width:1.25rem;opacity:0;position:absolute;width:1.25rem}.ds-form-checkbox input:checked+.ds-form-checkbox__box{background:var(--ds-color-london-20);border-color:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-form-checkbox input:checked+.ds-form-checkbox__box:after{opacity:1}.ds-form-checkbox input:focus+.ds-form-checkbox__box{box-shadow:0 0 0 .125rem var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55);outline:solid transparent}.ds-form-checkbox input:disabled,.ds-form-checkbox 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input:disabled+.ds-form-checkbox__box:after{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-70)}.ds-form-check-label{color:var(--ds-color-london-5);cursor:pointer;font-family:var(--ds-type-system-sans-lining);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-0);line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-lower)}.ds-form-check-label.ds-form-check-label--disabled{color:hsla(var(--ds-color-hsl-london-5),.5)}.ds-form-input{-moz-appearance:none;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none;background-color:var(--ds-color-london-100);border:.0625rem solid var(--ds-color-london-35);border-radius:.25rem;box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--ds-color-london-5);display:block;font-family:var(--ds-type-system-sans-lining);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-0);font-weight:400;height:2.5rem;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-lower);margin:0;max-width:33rem;padding:.375rem var(--ds-grid-gap);width:100%}.ds-form-input ::placeholder{color:var(--ds-color-london-35)}.ds-form-input:focus{border-color:var(--ds-color-london-5);box-shadow:0 0 0 .125rem 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1.5rem}.ds-date-input::-webkit-calendar-picker-indicator{opacity:0}.ds-date-input::-webkit-clear-button,.ds-date-input::-webkit-inner-spin-button{display:none}.ds-date-input:disabled{background-image:url(https://cdn.design-system.economist.com/assets/7.33.0/common/static/images/icons/material-date-range--disabled.svg)}.ds-text-area{height:auto;min-height:7rem;padding:.75rem var(--ds-grid-gap)}.ds-form-field-select{background:linear-gradient(var(--ds-color-london-100),var(--ds-color-london-100)) no-repeat right 3.75rem center,linear-gradient(-135deg,transparent 50%,var(--ds-color-london-100) 0) no-repeat right .75rem bottom .25rem,linear-gradient(-225deg,transparent 50%,var(--ds-color-london-100) 0) no-repeat right .75rem bottom .25rem,linear-gradient(var(--ds-color-london-100) 55%,var(--ds-color-london-5) 0) no-repeat right .75rem bottom .25rem;background-size:.0625rem 100%,1.25rem 1.375rem,1.25rem 1.375rem,1.25rem 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.ds-form-tag{color:var(--ds-color-london-95)}.ds-form-notice{color:var(--ds-color-london-5);display:inline-flex;font-family:var(--ds-type-system-sans-lining);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-0);font-weight:500;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-lower)}.ds-form-notice:before{background-image:url(https://cdn.design-system.economist.com/assets/7.33.0/common/static/images/icons/error-outline.svg);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:1.25rem;content:"";flex-shrink:0;height:1.25rem;margin:0 .375rem 0 0;width:1.25rem}.ds-form-notice--inverse{color:var(--ds-color-london-100);-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}.ds-form-notice--inverse:before{background-image:url(https://cdn.design-system.economist.com/assets/7.33.0/common/static/images/icons/error-outline--inverse.svg)}.ds-form-field-combined-input+.ds-form-notice,.ds-form-field-date+.ds-form-notice,.ds-form-field-number+.ds-form-notice,.ds-form-input+.ds-form-notice{margin:.375rem 0 0}.ds-slim-button{-moz-appearance:none;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none;background-color:var(--ds-color-london-20);border:none;border-radius:.25rem;box-shadow:none;box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--ds-color-london-100);cursor:pointer;font-family:var(--ds-type-system-sans-lining);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-0);font-weight:400;height:2.25rem;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-lower);padding:.3125rem var(--ds-grid-gap);text-decoration:none;transition:background-color var(--ds-interactions-transition);will-change:background-color}.ds-slim-button:hover{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-slim-button:focus{outline:solid transparent}.ds-slim-button:active,.ds-slim-button:focus{box-shadow:0 0 0 .125rem var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55)}.ds-slim-button:active{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-slim-button:disabled{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-95);color:hsla(var(--ds-color-hsl-london-5),.5);cursor:not-allowed}.ds-slim-button--inverse{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-100);color:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-slim-button--inverse:hover{background-color:hsla(var(--ds-color-hsl-london-100),.85)}.ds-slim-button--inverse:focus{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-slim-button--inverse:active{background-color:hsla(var(--ds-color-hsl-london-100),.85)}.ds-slim-button--inverse:disabled{background-color:hsla(var(--ds-color-hsl-london-100),.25);color:hsla(var(--ds-color-hsl-london-100),.5)}.ds-slim-button--inverse.ds-slim-button--secondary{border-color:var(--ds-color-london-100);color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-slim-button--inverse.ds-slim-button--secondary:hover{border-color:hsla(var(--ds-color-hsl-london-100),.75)}.ds-slim-button--inverse.ds-slim-button--secondary:focus{border-color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-slim-button--inverse.ds-slim-button--secondary:active{border-color:hsla(var(--ds-color-hsl-london-100),.75)}.ds-slim-button--inverse.ds-slim-button--secondary:disabled{border-color:hsla(var(--ds-color-hsl-london-100),.25);color:hsla(var(--ds-color-hsl-london-100),.5)}.ds-slim-button--secondary{background-color:transparent;border:.125rem 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svg{fill:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-slim-button--icon:disabled{box-shadow:none}.ds-slim-button--icon:disabled svg{fill:hsla(var(--ds-color-hsl-london-5),.5)}.ds-slim-button--icon.ds-slim-button--secondary svg{fill:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-slim-button--icon.ds-slim-button--secondary:disabled svg{fill:hsla(var(--ds-color-hsl-london-5),.5)}.ds-slim-button--icon.ds-slim-button--inverse svg{fill:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-slim-button--icon.ds-slim-button--inverse:disabled svg{fill:hsla(var(--ds-color-hsl-london-100),.5)}.ds-slim-button--icon.ds-slim-button--inverse.ds-slim-button--secondary svg{fill:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-slim-button--icon.ds-slim-button--inverse.ds-slim-button--secondary:disabled svg{fill:hsla(var(--ds-color-hsl-london-100),.5)}.ds-form-field-layout{position:relative}.ds-form-field-layout--adjacent{align-items:baseline;display:flex;max-width:33rem}.ds-form-field-layout--adjacent .ds-form-label{margin-right:var(--ds-grid-gap)}.ds-form-field-combined-input{display:flex;width:100%}.ds-form-field-combined-input .ds-button,.ds-form-field-combined-input .ds-slim-button{border-bottom-left-radius:0;border-top-left-radius:0;flex-shrink:0;padding-left:var(--ds-grid-gap);padding-right:var(--ds-grid-gap)}.ds-form-field-combined-input .ds-button--icon,.ds-form-field-combined-input .ds-slim-button--icon{padding-left:.375rem;padding-right:.375rem}.ds-form-field-combined-input .ds-form-input{border-bottom-right-radius:0;border-top-right-radius:0}.ds-form-field-combined-input .ds-button--secondary.ds-button--inverse,.ds-form-field-combined-input .ds-slim-button--inverse{border-width:.0625rem}.ds-form-helper-text{color:var(--ds-color-london-20);font-family:var(--ds-type-system-sans-lining);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-0);font-weight:400;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-lower);max-width:33rem}.ds-form-helper-text--inverse{color:var(--ds-color-london-95)}.ds-form-field-number{max-width:33rem;position:relative;width:100%}.ds-form-field-number__button{-moz-appearance:none;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none;background:transparent;border:.5125rem solid transparent;border-top:0;height:0;outline:solid transparent;padding:0;position:absolute;right:.9375rem;top:.5625rem;width:0}.ds-form-field-number__button:before{border-bottom:.3125rem solid var(--ds-color-london-5);border-left:.3125rem solid transparent;border-right:.3125rem solid transparent;border-top:0;content:"";height:0;position:absolute;right:-.325rem;top:.125rem;width:0}.ds-form-field-number__button:focus{border-bottom:.5125rem solid var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55)}.ds-form-field-number__button:disabled{border-bottom:.3125rem solid var(--ds-color-london-95)}.ds-form-field-number__button:disabled:before{border-bottom:.3125rem solid var(--ds-color-london-70);top:.1rem}.ds-form-field-number__button--down{border-bottom:0;border-top:.5125rem solid transparent;top:1.4375rem}.ds-form-field-number__button--down:before{border-bottom:0;border-left:.3125rem solid transparent;border-right:.3125rem solid transparent;border-top:.3125rem solid var(--ds-color-london-5);right:-.325rem;top:-.45rem}.ds-form-field-number__button--down:disabled{border-bottom:0;border-top:.3125rem solid var(--ds-color-london-95)}.ds-form-field-number__button--down:disabled:before{border-bottom:0;border-top:.3125rem solid var(--ds-color-london-70);top:-.2rem}.ds-form-field-number__button--down:focus{border-bottom:0;border-top:.5125rem solid var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55)}.ds-form-field-number--slim .ds-form-field-number__button{top:.4375rem}.ds-form-field-number--slim .ds-form-field-number__button--down{top:1.3125rem}.ds-form-helper-text+.ds-form-field-number,.ds-form-label+.ds-form-field-number{margin:.375rem 0 0}.ds-form-password-meter{align-items:center;color:var(--ds-color-london-5);display:inline-flex;font-family:var(--ds-type-system-sans-lining);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-0);font-weight:400;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-lower);max-width:33rem;width:100%}.ds-form-password-meter span{margin:0 .75rem 0 0}.ds-form-password-meter meter{height:.75rem;width:36%}.ds-form-password-meter meter::-webkit-meter-bar{background:var(--ds-color-london-95);border-radius:4px;height:.75rem;width:100%}.ds-form-password-meter meter::-webkit-meter-even-less-good-value{background:var(--ds-color-tokyo-45);border-bottom-left-radius:4px;border-top-left-radius:4px}.ds-form-password-meter 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var(--ds-color-london-35);border-radius:2rem;box-sizing:border-box;height:1.375rem;min-width:1.375rem;pointer-events:none;position:relative;width:1.375rem}.ds-form-radio-button__box:after{background:var(--ds-color-london-20);border-radius:50%;bottom:0;content:"";height:.75rem;left:0;margin:auto;opacity:0;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;width:.75rem}.ds-form-radio-button{align-items:flex-start;display:flex;flex-direction:row}.ds-form-radio-button .ds-form-check-label{margin-left:.5rem}.ds-form-radio-button input{-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;border:.0625rem solid transparent;border-radius:2rem;box-sizing:border-box;cursor:pointer;height:1.375rem;margin:0;min-width:1.375rem;opacity:0;position:absolute;width:1.375rem}.ds-form-radio-button input:checked+.ds-form-radio-button__box{background:var(--ds-color-london-100);border-color:var(--ds-color-london-35)}.ds-form-radio-button input:checked+.ds-form-radio-button__box:after{opacity:1}.ds-form-radio-button input:focus+.ds-form-radio-button__box{box-shadow:0 0 0 .125rem var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55);outline:solid transparent}.ds-form-radio-button input:disabled,.ds-form-radio-button input:disabled~.ds-form-check-label{cursor:not-allowed}.ds-form-radio-button input:disabled+.ds-form-radio-button__box{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-100);border-color:var(--ds-color-london-70)}.ds-form-radio-button input:disabled+.ds-form-radio-button__box:after{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-70)}.ds-indicator{-webkit-animation:rotate 1s linear infinite;-moz-animation:rotate 1s linear infinite;animation:rotate 1s linear infinite}@keyframes rotate{to{transform:rotate(1turn)}}@-webkit-keyframes rotate{to{-webkit-transform:rotate(1turn)}}@-moz-keyframes rotate{to{transform:rotate(1turn)}}@keyframes dash{0%{stroke-dasharray:60;stroke-dashoffset:30}50%{stroke-dasharray:70;stroke-dashoffset:10}to{stroke-dasharray:60;stroke-dashoffset:30}}.ds-indicator__circle{-webkit-animation:dash 1s linear infinite;-moz-animation:dash 1s linear infinite;animation:dash 1s linear infinite;stroke:var(--ds-color-new-york-55);stroke-width:4}.ds-indicator__circle--inverse{stroke:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-inline-alert{align-items:center;border-left:.25rem solid var(--ds-color-london-35);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--ds-color-london-5);display:inline-flex;flex-wrap:wrap;font-family:var(--ds-type-system-sans-lining);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-0);font-weight:400;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-lower);min-height:1.5rem;padding:.125rem 0 .125rem .5rem;position:relative}.ds-inline-alert__lede{font-weight:500;margin:0 .25rem 0 0}.ds-inline-alert--error{border-left-color:var(--ds-color-tokyo-55)}.ds-inline-alert--success{border-left-color:var(--ds-color-chicago-55)}.ds-inline-alert--warning{border-left-color:var(--ds-color-singapore-55)}.ds-link-with-arrow-icon{display:inline-flex;flex-wrap:nowrap;font-family:var(--ds-type-system-sans-lining);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-1);font-weight:400;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-border-link);text-decoration:none}.ds-link-with-arrow-icon span{border-bottom:.125rem solid transparent;color:var(--ds-color-london-5);margin:.125rem 0 0;transition:border-color var(--ds-interactions-transition),color var(--ds-interactions-transition);will-change:border-color,color}.ds-link-with-arrow-icon:hover span{border-bottom-color:var(--ds-color-chicago-45);color:var(--ds-color-chicago-30)}.ds-link-with-arrow-icon:focus{outline:solid transparent}.ds-link-with-arrow-icon:focus span{border-bottom-color:transparent;box-shadow:0 0 0 .125rem var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55)}.ds-link-with-arrow-icon:active span{border-bottom-color:var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55);box-shadow:none;color:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-link-with-arrow-icon:before{color:var(--ds-color-chicago-45);content:"⇒";font-size:1.875rem;margin:-.185rem .375rem 0 0}.ds-link-with-arrow-icon--heavy{font-weight:500}.ds-link-with-arrow-icon--heavy:before{color:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-link-with-arrow-icon--heavy:hover span{border-bottom-color:var(--ds-color-london-5);color:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-link-with-arrow-icon--heavy:focus span{color:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-link-with-arrow-icon--heavy:active span{border-bottom-color:var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55);color:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-link-with-arrow-icon--minor{font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-0)}.ds-link-with-arrow-icon--minor span{border-bottom-width:.0625rem}.ds-link-with-arrow-icon--minor:focus span{border-bottom-color:transparent;box-shadow:0 0 0 .0625rem 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var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55);outline:solid transparent}.ds-account-disclosure:active .ds-account-disclosure__avatar-initials{background-color:var(--ds-color-chicago-20)}.ds-account-disclosure--inverse{border:.0625rem solid var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-account-disclosure--inverse .path-foreground{fill:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-account-disclosure--inverse:hover{border:.0625rem solid var(--ds-color-london-85)}.ds-account-disclosure--inverse:hover .ds-account-disclosure__avatar-initials{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-85)}.ds-account-disclosure--inverse:hover .path-foreground{fill:var(--ds-color-london-85)}.ds-account-disclosure--inverse:active,.ds-account-disclosure--inverse:focus{border-color:transparent;box-shadow:0 0 0 .125rem var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55);outline:solid transparent}.ds-account-disclosure--inverse:active .ds-account-disclosure__avatar-initials{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-85)}.ds-account-disclosure--inverse:active 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(max-width:37.4375rem){.ds-masthead.account-is-open,.ds-masthead.is-open,.ds-masthead.search-is-open{box-sizing:border-box;left:0;min-height:100%;position:absolute;top:0;width:100%;z-index:99}.ds-masthead.is-open .ds-masthead-nav-alpha ul{justify-content:flex-end}.ds-masthead-nav-beta__item{padding-left:1rem}.ds-masthead.is-open .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item .ds-navigation-link{font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-2);line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-upper)}.ds-masthead.is-open .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--today{border-bottom:0;padding:1rem 0 0}.ds-masthead.is-open .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--today .ds-navigation-link{font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-3);line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-upper)}.ds-masthead.is-open .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--the-world-in-brief .ds-navigation-link,.ds-masthead.is-open .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--weekly-edition .ds-navigation-link{font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-2);line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-upper)}.ds-navigation-disclosure--icon-search,.ds-navigation-link--icon-search{overflow:hidden;text-indent:-999rem}.ds-masthead-nav .ds-masthead-nav-beta__item--search{display:none}.ds-masthead.is-open .ds-masthead-nav-beta__item--search .ds-navigation-link{font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-2);line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-upper);width:100%}.ds-masthead.is-open .ds-masthead-nav-beta__item--call-to-action .ds-navigation-link{font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-2);line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-upper)}}@media (max-width:29.9375rem){.ds-masthead .ds-masthead-nav-beta__item--call-to-action{border-right:var(--ds-border-rule);padding-left:0}}@media (max-width:43.9375rem){.ds-navigation-disclosure--icon-search{font-size:0}.ds-navigation-disclosure--icon-search:before{margin:0}.ds-navigation-disclosure--icon-search svg{display:none}}@media (max-width:59.9375rem){.ds-navigation-disclosure--icon-search{font-size:0}.ds-navigation-disclosure--icon-search:before{margin:0}.ds-masthead--secondary .ds-masthead-nav .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item:not(.ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--menu),.ds-navigation-disclosure--icon-search svg{display:none}}@media (max-width:67.9375rem){.ds-masthead{margin-bottom:2rem;padding-bottom:1.5rem;padding-top:1.5rem}.ds-masthead.account-is-open .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--menu,.ds-masthead.account-is-open .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--search,.ds-masthead.is-open .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--menu,.ds-masthead.is-open .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--search,.ds-masthead.search-is-open .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--menu,.ds-masthead.search-is-open .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--search{border-color:var(--ds-color-london-35)}.ds-masthead--secondary .ds-masthead-nav-beta__item:not(.ds-masthead-nav-beta__item--call-to-action){display:flex}.ds-masthead.is-open .ds-masthead-nav-beta__item--call-to-action 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.ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--search{border-left:var(--ds-border-rule--inverse);border-right:var(--ds-border-rule--inverse)}}@media (min-width:37.5rem){.ds-masthead{margin-bottom:1.5rem;padding-bottom:1.5rem;padding-top:1.25rem}.ds-layout-masthead{padding-left:var(--ds-grid-gutter);padding-right:var(--ds-grid-gutter)}.ds-masthead-nav{flex-direction:row}.ds-masthead-nav .ds-masthead-nav-beta__item--call-to-action{border-right:var(--ds-border-rule);padding-left:0}.ds-masthead.is-open .ds-masthead-nav .ds-masthead-nav-beta__item--call-to-action,.ds-masthead.search-is-open .ds-masthead-nav .ds-masthead-nav-beta__item--call-to-action{border-right:var(--ds-border-rule--inverse)}.ds-masthead-nav-beta__item--log-in{padding-right:0}.ds-masthead-nav-lists .ds-masthead-nav-beta__item--log-in,.ds-masthead-nav .ds-masthead-nav-beta__item--log-in{display:flex}.ds-masthead:not(.ds-masthead--secondary) .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--search{border-right:var(--ds-border-rule);display:flex;margin-top:-.125rem}.ds-masthead.search-is-open .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--search,.ds-masthead:not(.ds-masthead--secondary).is-open .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--search{border-right:var(--ds-border-rule--inverse)}.ds-masthead:not(.ds-masthead--secondary) .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--menu{border-right:var(--ds-border-rule);padding:0 1rem}.ds-masthead.search-is-open .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--menu,.ds-masthead:not(.ds-masthead--secondary).is-open .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--menu{border-right:var(--ds-border-rule--inverse)}.ds-masthead:not(.ds-masthead--secondary) .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--menu.ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item{padding-left:.25rem}.ds-masthead-nav-alpha ul{flex-direction:row}.ds-masthead.is-open .ds-masthead-nav-lists .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item:not(.ds-masthead.is-open .ds-masthead-nav-lists .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--weekly-edition):not(.ds-masthead.is-open .ds-masthead-nav-lists .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--the-world-in-brief),.ds-masthead.is-open .ds-masthead-nav-lists .ds-masthead-nav-beta__item:not(.ds-masthead.is-open .ds-masthead-nav-lists .ds-masthead-nav-beta__item--weekly-edition):not(.ds-masthead.is-open .ds-masthead-nav-lists .ds-masthead-nav-beta__item--the-world-in-brief){padding:1.125rem 0 1rem}}@media (min-width:44rem){.ds-masthead.is-open:not(.ds-masthead--secondary) .ds-masthead-nav-lists .ds-masthead-nav-beta__item--call-to-action{display:none}.ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--search{padding-left:.5rem;padding-right:.5rem}}@media (min-width:60rem){.ds-masthead{padding-top:1.5rem}.ds-masthead-nav .ds-menu-disclosure,.ds-masthead-nav .ds-navigation-disclosure--icon-account,.ds-masthead-nav .ds-navigation-link--icon-account,.ds-masthead-nav .ds-navigation-link--icon-search{margin-top:-.125rem}.ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item,.ds-masthead-nav-beta__item{padding:0 1rem}.ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--search{padding-left:1rem;padding-right:1rem}.ds-masthead-nav-beta__item--log-in{margin-top:-.1875rem;padding-right:0}.ds-masthead-nav-lists .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--the-world-in-brief,.ds-masthead-nav-lists .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--weekly-edition{display:none}.ds-masthead-nav .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--the-world-in-brief,.ds-masthead-nav .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--weekly-edition{border-right:var(--ds-border-rule);display:flex}.ds-masthead.is-open .ds-masthead-nav .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--the-world-in-brief,.ds-masthead.is-open .ds-masthead-nav .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--weekly-edition,.ds-masthead.search-is-open .ds-masthead-nav .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--the-world-in-brief,.ds-masthead.search-is-open .ds-masthead-nav .ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--weekly-edition{border-right:var(--ds-border-rule--inverse)}.ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item--menu.ds-masthead-nav-alpha__item{padding-left:2rem}.ds-masthead--secondary 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1.5rem 0}.ds-masthead.account-is-open .ds-masthead-account-lists{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-100);border-radius:.5rem;box-shadow:0 .25rem 1rem #00000026;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:10.3125rem;position:absolute;right:var(--ds-grid-gutter);top:100%;z-index:98}.ds-masthead:not(.account-is-open) .ds-masthead-account-lists{display:none}.ds-masthead.account-is-open:has(.subscriber-exclusives) .ds-masthead-account-lists{max-width:15.5rem}.ds-masthead-account-list{display:none}.ds-masthead-account-main-list{display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-start;padding:0 0 1.5rem}.ds-masthead-account-list__item{padding:0 1.5rem 1.875rem}.ds-masthead-account-list__item:first-child{border-bottom:.0625rem solid var(--ds-color-london-85);padding-bottom:1.5rem;padding-top:1.5rem}.ds-masthead-account-list__item:nth-child(2){padding-top:1.5rem}.ds-masthead-account-list__item:last-child{padding-bottom:0}}.ds-masthead-account-main-list--subscriber-exclusives{display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-start;padding:0}.ds-masthead-account-main-list--subscriber-exclusives .ds-masthead-account-list__item:first-child{border-bottom:0;padding-bottom:1.875rem;padding-top:1.25rem}.ds-masthead-account-main-list--subscriber-exclusives .ds-masthead-account-list__item:nth-child(2){padding-top:0}.ds-masthead-account-main-list--subscriber-exclusives .ds-masthead-account-list__item:last-child{border-bottom:.0625rem solid var(--ds-color-london-85);padding-bottom:1.5rem}@media (max-width:37.4375rem){.ds-masthead:not(.account-is-open) .ds-masthead-account-lists{clip:rect(.0625rem,.0625rem,.0625rem,.0625rem);height:.0625rem;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;visibility:hidden;width:.0625rem}.ds-masthead.account-is-open .ds-masthead-account-lists{flex:0 0 100%;z-index:98}.ds-masthead-account-list{display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-start;padding:2.375rem 0 0}.ds-masthead-account-main-list,.ds-masthead-account-main-list--ab-test{display:none}.ds-masthead-account-list__item{padding:0 0 2rem}.ds-masthead-account-list__item:first-child .ds-navigation-link{font-weight:700}.subscriber-exclusives .ds-masthead-account-list__item:first-child .ds-navigation-link{font-weight:unset}}.ds-skip-to-content{-moz-appearance:none;-webkit-appearance:none;appearance:none;background-color:var(--ds-color-london-20);border:none;border-radius:.25rem;box-shadow:none;box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--ds-color-london-100);cursor:pointer;font-family:var(--ds-type-system-sans-lining);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-0);font-weight:400;height:2.25rem;left:-999rem;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-lower);padding:.4375rem var(--ds-grid-gap);position:absolute;text-decoration:none;transition:background-color var(--ds-interactions-transition);will-change:background-color}.ds-skip-to-content:hover{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-skip-to-content:focus{left:var(--ds-grid-gap);outline:solid transparent;top:4.75rem;z-index:999}.ds-skip-to-content:active,.ds-skip-to-content:focus{box-shadow:0 0 0 .125rem var(--ds-color-hong-kong-55)}.ds-skip-to-content:active{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-skip-to-content--inverse{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-100);color:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-skip-to-content--inverse:hover{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-95)}.ds-skip-to-content--inverse:focus{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-skip-to-content--inverse:active{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-95)}@media (min-width:37.5rem){.ds-skip-to-content:focus{left:var(--ds-grid-gutter)}}@media (min-width:60rem){.ds-skip-to-content:focus{top:6rem}}.ds-search-form{width:100%}.ds-search-form .ds-search-form-container{display:flex;flex-direction:row;justify-content:flex-end;padding:1rem 0 0;width:100%}.ds-search-form .ds-search-form-container .ds-form-field-layout{flex:1}@media (min-width:37.5rem){.ds-search-form .ds-search-form-container{padding-top:1.5rem}.ds-masthead:not(.search-is-open) .ds-search-form{clip:rect(.0625rem,.0625rem,.0625rem,.0625rem);height:.0625rem;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;visibility:hidden;width:.0625rem}.ds-masthead.search-is-open .ds-search-form{flex:0 0 100%}}@media (max-width:37.4375rem){.ds-masthead:not(.is-open) .ds-search-form{clip:rect(.0625rem,.0625rem,.0625rem,.0625rem);height:.0625rem;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;visibility:hidden;width:.0625rem}}.ds-search-form__cta-container{border-top:1px solid var(--ds-color-london-35);display:flex;justify-content:flex-end;margin-top:1.5rem;padding:1.5rem 0 0;width:100%}.ds-media-promo{color:var(--ds-color-london-5);padding:1.5rem 0;position:relative}.ds-media-promo .ds-link-with-arrow-icon:before{bottom:0;content:"";display:block;left:0;opacity:0;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;right:0;text-indent:-999em;top:0;white-space:nowrap;z-index:1}.ds-layout-media-promo{margin:0 auto;padding-left:var(--ds-grid-gutter);padding-right:var(--ds-grid-gutter)}.ds-media-promo--inverse{color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-media-promo--podcasts{background-color:var(--ds-color-tokyo-55)}.ds-media-promo--films{background-color:var(--ds-color-new-york-55)}.ds-media-promo--editorial{background-color:var(--ds-color-chicago-55)}.ds-media-promo__group:before{background-position:50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;content:"";display:block;margin:0 auto 1.25rem}.ds-media-promo--films .ds-media-promo__group:before{background-image:url(https://cdn.design-system.economist.com/assets/7.33.0/common/static/images/illustration/media-promo-films.svg);background-size:6.75rem;height:6rem;width:6.75rem}.ds-media-promo--podcasts .ds-media-promo__group:before{background-image:url(https://cdn.design-system.economist.com/assets/7.33.0/common/static/images/illustration/media-promo-podcasts.svg);background-size:7rem;height:6.5625rem;width:7rem}.ds-media-promo--editorial .ds-media-promo__group:before{background-image:url(https://cdn.design-system.economist.com/assets/7.33.0/common/static/images/illustration/media-promo-editorial.svg);background-position:calc(50% + .875rem) 0;background-size:6.1875rem;height:8.75rem;width:100%}.ds-media-promo__title{font-family:var(--ds-type-system-serif-lining);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-5);font-weight:500;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-upper);margin:0 0 .25rem}.ds-media-promo__description{font-family:var(--ds-type-system-serif);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-0);font-weight:400;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-lower);margin:0 0 1.5rem}@media (max-width:37.4375rem){.ds-media-promo{text-align:center}.ds-media-promo .ds-link-with-arrow-icon{margin:0 auto}}@media (min-width:22.5rem){.ds-media-promo--films .ds-media-promo__group:before{background-size:7.4375rem;height:6.625rem;width:7.4375rem}.ds-media-promo--podcasts .ds-media-promo__group:before{background-size:7.5rem;height:7rem;width:7.5rem}}@media (min-width:37.5rem){.ds-media-promo{box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;height:12.5rem}.ds-media-promo,.ds-media-promo__group{align-items:center}.ds-media-promo__group:before{grid-area:1/1/4/3;margin-bottom:0}.ds-media-promo--films .ds-media-promo__group:before{background-size:8.5rem;height:7.625rem;width:8.5rem}.ds-media-promo--podcasts .ds-media-promo__group:before{background-size:8.5rem;height:7.9375rem;width:8.5rem}.ds-media-promo--editorial .ds-media-promo__group:before{background-position:50%;background-size:6.5rem;height:9.25rem;width:6.5rem}.ds-link-with-arrow-icon,.ds-media-promo__description,.ds-media-promo__title{grid-area:auto/3/auto/-1}}@media (min-width:60rem){.ds-media-promo__group:before{grid-column:2/5}.ds-link-with-arrow-icon,.ds-media-promo__description,.ds-media-promo__title{grid-column:5/11}}@media (min-width:80rem){.ds-media-promo__group:before{grid-column:4/6}.ds-link-with-arrow-icon,.ds-media-promo__description,.ds-media-promo__title{grid-column:6/10}}.ds-missed-target{text-align:center}.ds-missed-target__illustration{height:auto;margin:1.5rem 0;padding:1.5rem 0 0;width:13rem}.ds-missed-target__headline{font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-5);font-weight:500}.ds-missed-target__headline,.ds-missed-target__subheadline{color:var(--ds-color-london-5);font-family:var(--ds-type-system-serif);line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-upper)}.ds-missed-target__subheadline{font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-4);font-weight:400;margin:.5rem 0 0}.ds-missed-target__summary{margin:1.5rem 0 0}.ds-missed-target__summary,.ds-missed-target__summary a{color:var(--ds-color-london-5);font-family:var(--ds-type-system-serif);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-1);font-style:italic;font-weight:400;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-lower)}.ds-missed-target__summary a{text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:var(--ds-color-london-5);text-decoration-thickness:.063rem;text-underline-offset:.188rem;transition:all var(--ds-interactions-transition);will-change:border-color,color}.ds-missed-target__summary a:hover{color:var(--ds-color-chicago-30);text-decoration-color:var(--ds-color-chicago-30);text-decoration-thickness:.125rem}.ds-missed-target__summary a:focus{color:var(--ds-color-london-5);outline:none;text-decoration-color:var(--ds-color-london-5)}.ds-missed-target__summary a:active,.ds-missed-target__summary a:focus{background-color:var(--ds-color-chicago-90);text-decoration-thickness:.125rem}.ds-missed-target__summary a:active{color:var(--ds-color-chicago-30);text-decoration-color:var(--ds-color-chicago-30)}@media (max-width:37.4375rem){.ds-missed-target__subheadline{line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-lower)}}@media (max-width:52.125rem){.ds-missed-target__illustration{width:10rem}.ds-missed-target__subheadline{font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-1)}}@media (min-width:52.125rem){.ds-missed-target__subheadline{font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-3)}}.ds-modal--container{align-items:center;background:hsla(var(--ds-color-hsl-london-5),.3);display:flex;height:100%;justify-content:center;left:0;overflow:hidden;position:fixed;top:0;width:100%;z-index:94}.ds-modal{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-100);border:1px solid var(--ds-color-london-85);border-radius:.5rem;box-shadow:0 .25rem 1rem #00000026;box-sizing:border-box;flex-shrink:1;margin:0 .75rem;padding:1.5rem;position:relative;width:100%}.ds-modal--small{max-width:16.25rem}.ds-modal--medium{max-width:23.75rem}.ds-modal--large{max-width:37.5rem}.ds-modal--dark-mode{background-color:var(--ds-color-london-10);border:var(--ds-color-london-10);color:var(--ds-color-london-100)}.ds-notification{align-items:center;background-color:var(--ds-color-london-95);border-left:.125rem solid var(--ds-color-london-35);box-sizing:border-box;display:inline-flex;flex-wrap:wrap;font-family:var(--ds-type-system-sans-lining);font-size:var(--ds-type-scale-0);font-weight:400;line-height:var(--ds-type-leading-lower);min-height:1.875rem;opacity:0;padding:.25rem .5rem;width:100%}.ds-notification,.ds-notification--active{transition:opacity 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